Certain Bacteria & Viruses

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Effect

World’s First*¹ Clarification of Part of the
Inactivation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™ (Hydroxyl Radicals Contained in Water) Technology

Through collaborative research with Associate Professor Mayo Yasugi of the Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, it has revealed for the first time that the structural collapse of the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the causes of the inactivation of the viruses through exposure to nanoe™.

[PRESS RELEASE] World’s First Clarification of Part of the Inactivation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™

nanoe™ destroys the viruses in pieces

nanoe™ comes in contact with the surface of viruses, damaging proteins on the cell surface including spike protein that get viruses bound to cells, as well as damaging the envelope.

An image of nanoe™ contacting the surface of the virus

AN image of nanoe™ damaging spike proteins on the cell surface

Progressive degradation of proteins on the virus surface and damage to the envelop expand deformation. The envelope collapses.

An image of progressive degradation of proteins on the virus surface

Degradation of internal proteins including nucleocapsid proteins and viral genomic RNA. The virus is destroyed in pieces.

An image of degradation of internal proteins including nucleocapsid proteins

An image of degradation of internal proteins including viral genomic RNA

Which process does nanoe™ inhibit infection mechanism of SARS CoV-2？

The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infecting the cell

An image of virus and host cell approaching

1. Virus approaches host cell

An image of viruses binding to the host cell receptor

2. Virus binds to the host cell receptor

An image of virus invading in the host cell and replicates

3. Virus invades in the host cell and replicates

What happens when nanoe™ exists?

An image of virus destroyed in pieces by nanoe™ effect

1. Virus destroyed in pieces by nanoe™ effect

An image of virus destroyed in pieces cannot bind with cell

2. Virus destroyed in pieces cannot bind with cell

An image of no binding, leading the virus not being able to invade into the cell and there is no infection

3. As no binding, the virus cannot invade into the cell and there is no infection

By nanoe™, certain viruses became less infectious

nanoe™ does not target specific molecules or structures of viruses, but damages SARS-CoV-2 by acting at multiple steps on the envelope, proteins, and genomic RNA that make up viruses. Viruses damaged by exposure to nanoe™ lose their ability to bind to host cell receptors, thereby becoming less infectious. These series of phenomena are considered to be part of the mechanism of how the SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated by nanoe™.

Paper about inactivation mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™

Yasugi M., Komura Y., Ishigami Y. (2022) Mechanisms underlying inactivation of SARS‑CoV‑2 by nano‑sized electrostatic atomized water particles. J Nanopart Res,

*1 As ion emission air purification technology (Panasonic data as of June 8, 2022)

Inhibits activity of airborne,
adhered bacteria^1-3 & viruses^4-6

Certain bacteria and viruses are far too small to see

The difference in size between a certain bacteria and viruses is about the same as the difference between apples and sesame seeds.

A figure of size comparision between viruses and bacteira

The virus survives different periods on different surfaces

Survival period varies depending on surface, from 3 hours to 7 days.

	Type of substances	Survival period
	Paper, tissue	3 hours
	Copper surface*	4 hours
	Cardboard surface	24 hours
	Cloth surface	2 days
	Plastic surface	3 days
	Glass surface	4 days
	Banknote surface	4 days
	Outside of surgical mask	7 days

*Copper naturally degrades certain bacteria and viruses.
Survival period differs depending on surface irregularities.
Viruses survive longer on smooth surfaces than on irregular surfaces.
Source: https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-lifespan-on-surfaces-graphic-2020-3

Effects on certain bacteria & viruses

Airborne bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus¹

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the airborne bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Airborne viruses
bacteriophageΦχ174⁴

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the airborne bacteria bacteriophage Φχ174

Adhered bacteria
O157²

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered bacteria O157

Adhered viruses
Influenza virus H1N1 subtype⁵

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against adhered influenza virus H1N1 subtype

MRSA³

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered bacteria MRSA

Poliovirus type1 (Lsc-2ab)⁶

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered virus Poliovirus type 1 (Lsc-2ab)

How nanoe™ X works

nanoe™ X reaches virus.

Hydroxyl radicals denature virus proteins.

Virus activity is inhibited.^1–6

¹Airborne bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: The number of bacteria was measured after direct exposure in an approximately 25 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Airborne bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 4 hours. (24_0301_1)
²Adhered bacteria (O157). Testing organisation: Japan Food Research Laboratories. Testing method: Measured the number of bacteria adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45 L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.99% in 1 hour. (208120880_001)
³Adhered bacteria (MRSA). Testing organisation: Japan Food Research Laboratories. Testing method: Measured the number of bacteria adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45-L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.99% in 1 hour. (208120880_002)
⁴Airborne viruses (bacteriophageΦχ174). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: The number of viruses was measured after direct exposure in an approximately 25 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Airborne viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 6 hours. (24_0300_1)
⁵Adhered virus (Influenza virus H1N1 subtype). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: Measured the number of viruses adhered to a cloth in an approximately 1 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.9% in 2 hours. (21_0084_1)
⁶Adhered viruses (Poliovirus type1(Lsc-2ab)). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: Measured the number of viruses adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45 L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 2 hours. (22_0096)

Results may vary based on usage and seasonal and environmental variables (temperature and humidity). nanoe™ X and nanoe™ inhibit activity or growth of pollutants, but do not prevent illness.

Evidence

Viruses

Bacteria ↓

nanoe™

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.
Adhering	Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	3	Osaka Prefecture University
	Bird flu virus (H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes)	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4	Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety
	Swine-origin influenza virus (A/Narita/2009 (H1N1) pdm)	99％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Influenza virus (H1N1 subtype)	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4	Japan Food Research Laboratories	208040534-001
	Influenza virus (H1N1 subtype)	99.9％ inhibited	1,000 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	21_0084_1
	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99.9％ inhibited	10,000 L	24	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	21_0143_4
	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99.8％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	8	Japan Food Research Laboratories	13001265005-01
	Coxackievirus (B6)	99.1％ inhibited	45 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	22_0085
	Poliovirus type 1 (Lsc-2ab)	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	22_0096
	Encephalomyocarditis virus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	6	Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services GmbH	Virus clearance test
	Porcineparvovirus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Xenotropic murine leukemia virus	99.999％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Pseudororabies virus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Canine distemper virus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	4	Rakuno Gakuen University, School of Veterinary Medicine
	Canine parvovirus	99.8％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Canine herpesvirus	99.5％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Canine adenovirus	99.4％ inhibited	45 L	4	Yamaguchi University, Faculty of Agriculture
	Feline coronavirus	99.3％ inhibited	45 L	2	Yamaguchi University, Faculty of Agriculture
	Feline calicivirus (related to norovirus)	99.9％ inhibited	25 L	2	Japan Food Research Laboratories	207031493-001
Airborne	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99％ inhibited	1,000 L	1.5	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_1
		99.2％ inhibited	10,000 L	4		21_0147
		99.74％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	6		24_0300_1

nanoe™ X

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.
Adhering	Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	0.2	Osaka Prefecture University
		99.9％ inhibited	45 L	0.2	Texcell	1140-01 A1
		91.4％ inhibited	6.7 m³	0.5	Texcell	1140-01 C3
	Bird flu virus (H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes)	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety
	Swine-origin influenza virus (A/Narita/2009 (H1N1) pdm)	99％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Influenza virus (H1N1 subtype)	99.9％ inhibited	1,000 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	21_0084_1
	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99.9％ inhibited	10,000 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	21_0143_4
	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99.8％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	2	Japan Food Research Laboratories	13001265005-01
	Coxackievirus (B6)	99.1％ inhibited	45 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	22_0085
	Poliovirus type 1 (Lsc-2ab)	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	22_0096
	Encephalomyocarditis virus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services GmbH	Virus clearance test
	Porcineparvovirus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Xenotropic murine leukemia virus	99.999％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Pseudororabies virus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Canine distemper virus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	4	Rakuno Gakuen University, School of Veterinary Medicine
	Canine parvovirus	99.8％ inhibited	45 L	6
	Canine herpesvirus	99.5％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Canine adenovirus	99.4％ inhibited	45 L	4	Yamaguchi University, Faculty of Agriculture
	Feline coronavirus	99.3％ inhibited	45 L	2	Yamaguchi University, Faculty of Agriculture
	Feline calicivirus (related to norovirus)	99.9％ inhibited	25 L	2	Japan Food Research Laboratories	207031493-001
	Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (hand-foot-and-mouth disease)	99.1％ inhibited	61 L	4	Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS	MVCCC-2019/T4
	Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (hand-foot-and-mouth disease)	99.9％ inhibited	61 L	6	Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS	MVCCC-2019/T4
	Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) (hand-foot-and-mouth disease)	99.3％ inhibited	61 L	2	Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS	MVCCC-2019/T4
	Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) (hand-foot-and-mouth disease)	99.9％ inhibited	61 L	4	Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS	MVCCC-2019/T4
	Human coronavirus (HCoV-229E)	99.2％ inhibited	68 L	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00465
Airborne	Bacteriophage Φχ174	99％ inhibited	1,000 L	1.5	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_1
		99.2％ inhibited	10,000 L	4		21_0147
		99.2％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	6		24_0300_1

nanoe™ X (nanoe™ X Generator Mark 2)

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.
Adhering	Enterovirus (EV71)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Enterovirus (EV71)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	6	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Enterovirus (EV71)	97.6％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J1911WT8888-04860-01
	Enterovirus (EV71)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	6	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00453
	Coxsackie virus (CA16)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Coxsackie virus (CA16)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	6	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Coxsackie virus (CA16)	95.4％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J1911WT8888-004860-02
	Coxsackie virus (CA16)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	6	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00453
	Coronavirus (HCoV-229E)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00544-01
	Coronavirus (HCoV-229E)	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00889
	Herpes simplex virus	99.9％ inhibited	30 m³	4	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00889
Airborne	Enterovirus (EV71)	95.4％ inhibited	30 m³	1.5	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Enterovirus (EV71)	96.9％ inhibited	30 m³	1.5	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00889
	Influenza virus (H1N1)	95.4％ inhibited	30 m³	1.5	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2002WT8888-00439
	Influenza virus (H1N1)	98.3％ inhibited	30 m³	1.5	China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute	J2003WT8888-00889

nanoe™ X (nanoe™ X Generator Mark 3)

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.	PDF
Adhering	Bacteriophage	Inhibited 98.81%	Approx. 139.3m³	4	SGS Inc	SHES210901902584
	MS2 Phage Virus	Inhibited 99.99%	Approx. 25m³	2	Shokukanken, Inc.	227131N

Bacteria

Viruses ↑

nanoe™

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.
Adhering	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157)	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Japan Food Research Laboratories	208120880-001
	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157)	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Eurofins	2010/456-3
	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157) Note: Refrigerator	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Eurofins	2010/456-4
	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Japan Food Research Laboratories	208120880-002
		99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Eurofins	2010/456-1
		99.99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Osaka Prefecture University
	Escherichia coli	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Panasonic Product Analysis Center	E02-080303IN-01
	Staphylococcus aureus	99.99％ inhibited	1,000 L	2	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_2
		99.2％ inhibited	10,000 L	2	Panasonic Product Analysis Center	E02-090701IN-01
		99％ inhibited	10,000 L	2	Japan Food Research Laboratories	209071031-001
		99.1％ inhibited	Approx. 23 m³	2	Japan Food Research Laboratories	13044083003-01
		99％ inhibited	Approx. 23 m³	1	SGS	SHES160600431171
	Multiple-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP)	99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Control and Prevention
	Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB)	99％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Bacillus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	1	Japan Food Research Laboratories	11000924001-01
	Micrococcus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	0.5		11000924001-02
	Serratia	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	0.5		11000924001-03
	Kocuria	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	0.5		11000922001-01
	methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP)	99.5％ inhibited	45 L	0.5	Nippon Medical School, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
	Bordetella bronchiseptica	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	0.5
	Pasteurella multocida	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Listeria monocytogenes	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Osaka Prefecture University
	Bacillus subtilis	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Mycobacterium smegmatis	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Nocardia asteroids	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Haemophilus influenza	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Campylobacter jejuni	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
Airborne	Staphylococcus aureus	99.9％ inhibited	1,000 L	0.34	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_1
		99％ inhibited	10,000 L	4		21_0142
		99.9％ inhibited	10,000 L	3		21_0044
		99.7％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	4		24_0301_1

nanoe™ X

	Target	*Results¹**	Test space	Exposure time (hr)	Testing organisation	Report No.
Adhering	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157)	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Japan Food Research Laboratories	208120880-001
	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157)	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Eurofins	2010/456-3
	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157) Note: Refrigerator	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Eurofins	2010/456-4
	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Japan Food Research Laboratories	208120880-002
		99.99％ inhibited	45 L	1	Eurofins	2010/456-1
		99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Osaka Prefecture University
	Escherichia coli	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1	Panasonic Product Analysis Center	E02-080303IN-01
	Staphylococcus aureus	99.99％ inhibited	1,000 L	0.34	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_2
		99.2％ inhibited	10,000 L	24	Panasonic Product Analysis Center	E02-090701IN-01
		99％ inhibited	10,000 L	24	Japan Food Research Laboratories	209071031-001
		99.1％ inhibited	Approx. 23 m³	8	Japan Food Research Laboratories	13044083003-01
		99％ inhibited	Approx. 23 m³	8	SGS	SHES160600431171
		99.91％ inhibited	24 m³	8	Panasonic Product Analysis Center	1V332-170703-F04
	Multiple-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP)	99％ inhibited	45 L	2	Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Control and Prevention
	Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB)	99％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Bacillus	99.7％ inhibited	45 L	0.5	Japan Food Research Laboratories	11000924001-01
	Micrococcus	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2		11000924001-02
	Serratia	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2		11000924001-03
	Kocuria	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1		11000922001-01
	methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP)	99.5％ inhibited	45 L	2	Nippon Medical School, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
	Bordetella bronchiseptica	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Pasteurella multocida	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Listeria monocytogenes	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2	Osaka Prefecture University
	Bacillus subtilis	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Mycobacterium smegmatis	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Nocardia asteroids	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	2
	Haemophilus influenza	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	1
	Campylobacter jejuni	99.9％ inhibited	45 L	4
Airborne	Staphylococcus aureus	99.9％ inhibited	1,000 L	0.34	Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science	20_0154_1
		99％ inhibited	10,000 L	4		21_0142
		99.9％ inhibited	10,000 L	3		21_0044
		99.7％ inhibited	Approx. 25 m³	4		24_0301_1